Beginning and Physical development in Infancy

Physical development of infants usually depends on their nutritional, hereditary and environmental factors. In some cases physical or psychological abnormalities after birth or during pregnancy also determines physical development of an infant. For a child to develop fully physically, he or she requires optimum nutritional requirements and healthy environment to grow in.During birth of a child, the infant has no ability to control their body movements and in this case most of the movements noticed are reflexes since their nervous system by this time is partially developed (Promin, 1986).Infants do not recognize objects which are far from them but by 6 months their visual ability develops fully and they can see distance objects. At around the age of four, most of the children have their muscles fully developed and they can sit and support themselves for quite a short time. Therefore, most of the physical development in infants takes place between births up to the age of 6 months where by the infant can be able to notice changes in the environment.Debate of nature versus nurture rotates around biological and environmental factors. The nature of this debate is argumentative because it is understood in the world of science today. Some people view behavioral origin of most infants as issues contributed by the environmental factors which they are brought up in. These are the natural aspect of behavior. Some other scientists argue that behavior portrayed by infants and children are as a result of hereditary factors that they acquire from the genes of their parents.Source of nurture can be understood by studying behavior of the way an infant grows physically in regard to the environment which he or she is being brought up in. Some people argue that physical and motor growth is usually controlled by an automatic natural process (UNEP, 2008). Both of these theories in regard to nurture and nature can be acknowledged through study of child psychology. Various studies and e xperiments have been carried out by psychologists and scientist so that they can establish the main cause of certain behaviors in children as they grow up.According to various studies carried out, early years of child development can be influenced by environmental situation which usually cause personalities, beliefs, attitude sexual preference and other behaviors which occur in children. For example, the environment that a child is brought up basically determines the behavior of that child; those children who are brought up by single parents are quite different in their behavior development from those who are brought up by both parents from when the child is an infant to the time the child reach Adolescent stage.The issue of step parenting also affects the development of a child greatly since there are those behavior that the child exhibits that the parent can not understand since they are hereditary and the step parent is not aware of them.. In most cases when children are brought up by step parents, the environment of the affected children can be altered. This brings about the issue of situational difference which can be traumatic to children’s life and therefore their lives have been hence influenced by upbringing.This has not been overshadowed by hereditary source of behavior since they will bear some behavioral characteristic of their original parents (Lamb et al. 2002). Traumatic child’s event as a, result of their up bringing and the genetic characteristics that they acquire from their parents have raised a lot of concern on sexual orientation of a child. These behaviors in most cases are caused by erratic situational difference which can result to inner conflict between environmental and hereditary factors. The issue of sexual orientation is least influenced by genetic factors since it is not governed by chromosomes or genes.Most of the sexual behaviors that children adopt are determined by their environmental upbringing. Some children ca n also develop varying behaviors even if they are brought up in the same environment. Many psychologists have tried to carry out various studies on relationship between parents and siblings, the way they grow and their behavior. For example, naughtiness in young children who are usually controlled on their naughty behavior by their mothers can be associated by the environmental cause of behavior as a result of poor methods of parenting.According to studies, this can not be true since some children can inherit these behaviors from parents instead of being taken as poor parenting techniques. Parents should be given credit less for a good outcome of behavior of their children or else they should not be blamed since the behavior can be as a result of genetic factor or hereditary factor. Therefore, one cannot determine exactly what has caused that behavior change in child. According to various arguments, children are usually born the same way but due to the environment that they are brou ght up in, they continues to grow according to the demands of nature.Some of the expressions such as temperaments can be associated with genetic factors. In disciplining the child, it is quite necessary for parent to determine which behavior is impacted by the environmental factor and the one which is as a result of upbringing of a child. Therefore nature versus nurture plays quite similar role in determining the behavior of a child during child’s development. Both environmental factors and hereditary factors contribute greatly to the behavior of a child and also physical growth of a child which encompasses even the general health of a child.Environmental raising and intelligence origin are mainly contributed by nurture and nature in formation of behavior by the child. In today’s world, after extensive research and other theories which support child’s development have been evaluated, it is true that nurture and nature contributes to the origin of child’s behavior characteristic. The quality of environment that a child is brought up in determines the survival rate of a child in early days of life. This determines child’s physical and mental growth.Children are always at risk of these environmental factors due to their immature organs, small physical size low metabolic rate, curiosity and behavior. Most of the global diseases are usually attributed by negative environmental factors such as air pollution, dirty water, poor sanitations and other aspect such as vector-transmitted diseases. Due to these aspects, there are a number of abnormalities which can be impacted by environmental factors. Environment influence can play a vital role in physical and mental development of a child.For example, Down syndrome is one of the mental conditions which are impacted to a child at early age due to environmental influence. During early days of a child, environment that a child is brought up in determines his/her future life. Children who ar e suffering from Down syndrome have low motivation of performing tasks. These can be contributed by environmental experiences of a child. This has been investigated by gauging the motivation of an infant to perform various tasks. In most cases, mystery of motivation is usually a intrinsic factor which is usually manifested in behavior of a child as he or she grows up.This shows the difference in mystery behavior of different individuals. All these behaviors are contributed by environmental factors. According to various studies, Down syndrome is reinforced and controlled by environmental factors since they greatly attribute to the behavior of an infant. Many researchers have tried to come up with any environmental factors which cause Down syndrome but they have not established any of them since it is believed that Down syndrome according to physiologist is a genetic disorder but it can rather be contributed by environmental set up.Down syndrome as a result of environmental factor can result to:- Input in material language and the general outcome of studies of language intervention. In studying these factors, one should identify various factors which facilitate language within the natural environment and then evaluate how the environment has manipulated language development of that individual. There are a number of risk factors which influences development of a child. Some of these factors in child’s development can be positively or negatively impacted by various aspects such as environmental factors.Genetic factors in most of the environmental set up are quite dynamic and therefore they keep on changing constantly over time. Genetic factors which children inherit from their parents can be developed or lost depending on the environmental background that they grow in. environmental factors can promote optimum development in infant. Some genetic factors such as temperament, Disease and brightness of infants can be impacted either positively or negatively by environment (Health School Environment, 2005). Temperament or behavior that a child exhibits is usually associated with parent.This should not always be true since environment that a child is brought up in. some behaviors that children exhibits such as abuse, bad eating habits and other petty behaviors can be attributed by the environmental upbringing of child, those children whom he/she relates with or the physical set up and behavior of most individuals in those areas. But some aspects such as temperament which a child can acquire from parent can be developed if the environment that he/she is brought up in is hostile and requires that form of behavior.On the other hand, if the environment that a child grows in is calm, this behavior is not portrayed in child as he/she grows up since he/she has not been able to exercise temperament form of behavior as they grow. Another genetic factor is acquisition of diseases from parent which are known to be hereditary. Depending on the environ mental background that a child is brought up in, the disease can either manifest itself or not. Some diseases such as Down syndrome which is usually hereditary can also be developed or controlled depending on the environmental set up that a child is brought up in.If the environment is friendly and interactive the child’s IQ can develop well and therefore the risk of child manifesting the symptoms of Down syndrome is reduced. In other cases, if the environmental set up is not friendly and the people who are involved in bringing up the child are not interactive, then the IQ of an infant will remain low and therefore the brain of the child will not develop as its required which makes the infant to show the symptoms of down syndrome.Therefore, the environmental setup which a child is brought up in can either help to positively or negatively in develop various hereditary characteristics that a child acquires from the parents. Pregnant women can give birth to physically, emotionall y and intellectually healthy babies depending on the environment and emotional aspect they carry their pregnancy through. When one is pregnant, she should ensure that exercise and healthy eating habits are enhanced so that the outcome of the pregnancy is a healthy baby in all the aspects.Emotional status of pregnant woman accounts a lot of the fitness of the baby in all the aspects of development such as physical, emotional or intellectual aspect. Good parenting begins the time one became pregnant. This is because the baby who is born, his mental, physical and intellectual capacity is determined by the status that the mother was in during the 9 months pregnancy period. Child’s growth can still develop after birth, whereby parents are held responsible for training their children during their development (Christian, 2006).Physical growth is maintained by proper diet and living in environment which is free from infections such as dusty environment which can cause allergic infect ions. Parents should ensure that their children are physically fit by taking necessary care and precautions needed to live a healthy life. Little effort is employed especially when a child is taken care of at early age since the child can be able to emulate the behaviors of the parent and other older siblings. Emotional and intellectual well being of a child can be enhanced in child’s early life by training the child on good behavior.As a good parent, one should initially understand the child well and find out the cause of behavior that the child portrays. To ensure that a child is emotionally fit, review of the behavior of that child is quite necessary since they will portray intellectual capability of a child in carrying out various tasks. Good parents usually discipline their children when they conduct themselves poorly. But before punishing a child parent should try and evaluate the cause of poor behavior whether is as a result of environmental influence or hereditary beh avior from either parent.Incase it is as a result of environmental influenced the child should be punished so that he or she cannot repeat it again. On the other hand, if the behavior is hereditary, child should be counseled accordingly by the parent on the ways to avoid such behavior in future. Therefore good parenting can be enhanced which finally result to raising up a family which is intellectually, physically and emotionally fit and therefore the growth of babies can be healthy. Motor skill development according to dynamic system theory.Parents should be involved in various activities with their children so that they can help them to develop their fine and gross motor skills. These skills can affect the child adversely if they are not developed. These skills help a child to perform well in various tasks such as academic and physical growth. Fine motor skills according to dynamics theory enable a child to manipulate objects and to write (Lamb, 2002). They take activities in such things as painting.This should be enhanced by exchanging brushes, carrying out puzzles which help to control finger movement, play dough, cutting and threading. Some of these activities are aimed at manipulating hands to help in developing their motor activities. Other motor skills such as gross motor skills helps in developing big motor skills, these activities involves activities such as jumping, running, climbing, hopping, skipping and other activities which helps the whole body movement. These activities develop the muscles of the body and legs.These skills only require a lot of coordination and development of balance. When children develop these motor skills, they can be able to carry on with various movement needed for their survival. Therefore, parents need to work with their children during their early ages in developing so that they can understand them as they grow and also to help to develop their skills effectively. Children development, health and their safety should be enhanced by the environmental aspect that they bring up children in.For parents to serve their children well, they must ensure that they work hand in hand with their families and in order to enhance this, they must understand their children before taking any action on them. Good development of the child depend entirely on nurturing the child the best way at early stages before they reach adolescent where they are uncontrollable. Reference: Lamb E. et al. (2002). Development in infancy: An introduction. United State: Lawrence Erlbaum Association. Christian L. , (2006).Understanding Families. Journal of National Association for Education for Young Children, Retrieved from: http://www. journal. naeyc. org/about/permissions. asp Promin M. , (1986), Development, Genetics and Psychology. United State: Lawrence Erlbaum Association. Health School Environment. (2005). Environmental Impact in School Setting. Retrieved from http://www. nasn. org/Default. aspx? tabid=293 UNEP, (2008) Children Environmental Health. Retrieved from; http://www. nyo. unep. org/ceht. htm

Impact And Strength Of Communication In An Organization Education Essay

Initially in 1984 a young person larning Centre was established in Greymouth under the administrative control of the Nelson Polytechnic to supply ACCESS classs on the West Coast. In 1987 the young person larning Centre was upgraded to a senior proficient division of the Greymouth High School and began to supply some mainstream programmes. Finally, in October 1989, Polytechnic was gazetted and began a period of rapid growing with associated development of its ain individuality and installations. This development culminated in the gap of the current cardinal campus in Tainui Street, Greymouth in May 1991. This campus provides the degree of installations that could be expected in a third establishment, and at that place has been considerable committedness to its hereafter with the building of to the full equipped music studio, kitchen, and eating house, automotive and edifice workshops. During 1990 six mainstream programmes were offered. Provision was expanded to 10 programmes in 1991, 13 in 1992 and 15 in 1993. Tai Poutini Polytechnic ‘s growing and development continued with 18 in 1995 and for the first clip two twelvemonth programmes were offered. In 2002, 28 mainstream programmes were offered. In footings of pupil Numberss, Ministry of Education EFTS has increased from 143 in 1991 to 2700 in 2003. In 1995, Tai Poutini Polytechnic opened a campus in downtown Auckland for music and audio technology programmes. In 1998 Tai Poutini Polytechnic council endorsed the name of the Music and Audio Institute of New Zealand ( MAINZ ) , a division of Tai Poutini Polytechnic which refers to our music and audio technology programmes. In 2001 a determination was made to open a MAINZ campus in Christchurch and in February 2002 an extended recording studio and schoolroom installation in cardinal Christchurch, commenced offering programmes. In 2003 a Reefton campus was established with immediate end of supplying preparation in civil building, heavy works operation and the excavation industry. 2004 and 2005saw the gap of extra orbiter campuses on the West Coast, in Hokitika and Westport, both of which are strongly focused on run intoing the demands of their local communities. Tai Poutini Polytechnic is committed to offering a broad scope of vocational programmes and niche programmes, particularly in the pre-employment and foundation country, but besides up to National Framework degree seven in some of our countries forte. Most pupils go on to farther survey at another establishment or to employment. The West Coast has one of the highest degrees of unemployment in the state. Coupled with a really low general degree of instruction in the part. Tai Poutini Polytechnic has besides pursued national accreditation for its programmes and faculties, and has successfully gained local and National Qualifications Framework accreditation for virtually all mainstream programmes.Business DemographicsIn order to do an effectual communications amongst their 10 subdivisions a broad scope of communicating accomplishments is being used amongst Tai Poutini Polytechnic. They use e-mails to chew the fat about their advancement or to any work related issues. This medium is really effectual in communicating. Another preferable method is through phone calls and texting. This medium of communicating is used when straight speaking to anyone with a really of import vision or to do people cognize about something by a text message. Courier packs is another manner of communications. This method is normally used to reassign paperss from one subdivision to another. This chiefly consists of heavy packages. Internet picture conferencing is used when all of a sudden any of import issues arises and people need to speak face to confront so this medium of communicating is used by Tai Poutini Polytechnic staffs. Conference class face to face. This is another really of import manner of communicating used by Tai Poutini Polytechnic staffs. This medium requires renting of airplane services to be at a really of import scene or meetings, which is conducted all of a sudden. Organizational GoalsThe organisational end of Tai Poutini Polytechnic is to back up pupils and staffs to work, larn, learn, develop and accomplish together in a positive, culturally inclusive environment. Tai Poutini Polytechnic will supply an authorising acquisition environment for the pupils to enable them to derive vocational instruction and applied accomplishments through a portfolio of programmes that are delivered locally and nationally in an efficient and effectual manner. Tai Poutini Polytechnic ‘s function is to: deliver vocational instruction that provides accomplishments for employment assist patterned advance to higher degrees of acquisition or work through foundation instruction undertake applied research as appropriate that supports vocational acquisition and engineering transportation Tai Poutini Polytechnic: believe all people have the right to the highest quality service based on honestness, gratitude, and listening in a non-judgmental environment believe in the power of instruction will transport out their responsibilities with the highest unity are passionate about offering pupils choice instruction strive to supply scholars with the cognition they need to accomplish their ends and dreams supply the best possible service without fright or bias for all peopleOrganizational Culture and Ethical motivesTai Poutini Polytechnic will be widely recognized for its alone topographic point in the national web of third proviso through its ability to react to learner demand by supplying high quality, relevant, cost effectual and advanced applied vocational instruction delivered through collaborative partnerships with our communities, other instruction organisations, industry organisations and other stakeholders. Tai Poutini Polytechnic will supply high quality and relevant applied and vocational instruction to heighten our scholars ‘ hereafters to enable them to lend to the West Coast ‘s and New Zealand ‘s economic and societal development. Tai Poutini Polytechnic believes: instruction is a right in a focal point on the pupil the rules of the Treaty of Waitangi underpin what we do and how we do we are antiphonal to the demands of our stakeholders our Polytechnic is our people in a dedication to service in a spirit of regard Ongoing communicating with: Clients: pupil and buying agents ( MoE, ITOs, Skill NZ, private contractors ) and Stakeholders. Development and application of appropriate policies and processs in the Fieldss of: Fiscal direction Operational direction Human Resources Coverage demands Resource planning Academic direction Management of all pupil -related affairsManagement of Knowledge resourcesTai Poutini Polytechnic ensures that cognition is shared within the organisation by: extended preparation programmes through refresher classs through hebdomadal intelligence letters every Monday about what is go oning in each section in the state. a sum-up of cross referencing is included. This shows the relationship between accreditation standards and Tai Poutini Polytechnic. braces of tabular arraies are so given to provide information on how Tai Poutini Polytechnic meets accreditation standard and sub-criterion. statements on Purpose, Procedures, Evidence, Responsibility, Implementation and last reappraisal grounds in the system in usage by Tai Poutini Polytechnic including: mentions to points of grounds such as completed signifiers, programs, memos, proceedingss, correspondence, studies etc internal mention Numberss for points of grounds descriptions and remarks associating to the points, typically depicting their intent and beginning. Where grounds is non available for the programme in inquiry ( e.g. because the programme is under development ) it is sourced from similar countries of proviso within the board of directors. Locations of affiliated points of grounds. Most points are filed under appendix 3 and grouped in pockets associating to the lowest-numbered accreditation standards e.g. the pupils Information book contains grounds for standards 4,5,7, and 8, and is filed under Appendix 3 in the pocket incorporating grounds for standard 4.Group DynamicsTai Poutini Polytechnic strongly believes in effectual communicating for squad support and handling of struggle. There is a dependable system for file awaying information on concluding pupil accomplishments to guarantee consistent pattern in the issue of consequences to pupils. There is besides a system for guaranting that appraisal is just, valid and consistent to avoid any misinterpretations or struggles. The applier has policies in topographic point that guarantee that all staff responsible for preparation and appraisal maintains cognition of current industry tendencies and patterns. Policies and processs province that where a appropriately qualified individual is non available that learning programmes will non continue. An appropriate coverage and monitoring process is in topographic point, and assessment duties are clear A transcript of memoranda of understanding to be supplied. As portion of the site visit an industry voucher will inspect such nominative premises for conformity The applier has policies in topographic point that guarantee that all staff involved in preparation and appraisal have a making in grownup instruction, and to guarantee that staff involved measuring against Hospitality unit criterions have completed an assessor preparation class and gained recognition for unit criterions required for. Evidence of audience with industry to verify current and future preparation and employment demand is submitted. Evidence is submitted bespeaking how industry is or will be involved in programme development and rating and how currency of industry patterns and tendencies will be maintained. An applicant intend to offer Hospitality programmes of one twelvemonth ‘s survey, or more will hold grounds of formalistic industry affair and advice. This may either be by an Advisory Committee, or other formal affair links These are some of the many tactics used by Tai Poutini Polytechnic to guarantee that everything is running swimmingly from instructors, direction, and other staffs and pupils point of position.Meeting ManagementIn order to guarantee that meetings are run efficaciously it should be noted that: Meetings are merely held when necessary Invite merely those who need to be at that place Prepare and direct docket in progress Lead the meeting Document and follow upon meeting determinations and assignments every programme is supported by sound certification. Make appropriate referrals when necessary and rapidly react to crises state of affairss, which arise in the fold. Construct a sense of teamwork and keep regular leader ‘s meetings to organize and ease communicating. steer the leaders as they exercise their leading oversee and promote congregational benevolence and mission through ongoing synod cal support and by run intoing community demands as they arise. be expected to work towards agreed ends or marks and do such written and or verbal studies. be expected to work towards the fulfilment of the vision and schemes Theological instruction with experience and proved ministry effectivity is a demand.StakeholdersStakeholder direction is an of import subject that successful people use to win support from others. It helps them to guarantee hat their undertakings win where others fail. Identify who your stakeholders are. The following measure is to work out their power, influence and involvement, so you know whom you focus on. Prioritize your stakeholders and understand your cardinal stakeholders. For effectual communications with stakeholders Tai Poutini Polytechnic conducts meetings with caput of sections. Have studies, proceedingss and record of the activities of the administration organic structure Keep records and studies of audience e.g. with whanau communities, concern Shares strategic and concern programs with grounds of the attack to run intoing identified demands and aspirations Keep consequences of analysis of stakeholder feedback Entry demands for class and programmes Provide employer feedback on alumnuss Feedback from alumnuss in employment Learner achievement information ( trends over clip ) Learning tracts Learner and staff sentiment Surveies on support services Learner finish informationsNetworksOther webs used with pupils who are visually impaired or have disfunction may utilize a assortment of methods to entree or synthesise class stuff. These include tape recording equipments, Dictaphone, lap top computing machines with address or big print readers, taped text editions, raised line documents, big print books and computerized bailers. Students who appear to hold light sensitiveness and trouble with print declaration may profit from a referral to an Irlen Screener. Be verbally descriptive say for e.g. 70+9=79 instead than stating this figure + that figure = 79. Non verbal communicating, ever place yourself when run intoing a pupil with ocular damage because they may non acknowledge who is talking, peculiarly if you are run intoing out of your normal context. Indicate to the pupil that they are being addressed by utilizing their name, and express everything prescriptively and in item as the pupil may non be able to see non-verbal cues. If a pupil is unfamiliar with a new topographic point describe the environment utilizing specific phrases such as â€Å" to the right † or â€Å" shaped like a rectangle † When giving waies, indicate â€Å" right † or â€Å" left † â€Å" up † or â€Å" down † in relation to where the pupil is, or utilize the clock method, whereby three O ‘ clock means straight to his or her right.DecisionIt can be concluded that communicating is a critical portion of concern and in order for a concern to be successful they need to hold an effectual communicating with everybody who contributes in the concern some how or the other.Tai Poutini Polytechnic believes â€Å" Where there are other suppliers we do non seek to vie with them ; instead, we look to work in partnership in order to supply an appropriate stairway for their pupils. † Remember the Association is run by pupils for pupils and your input is of import to us. As one I can travel a rock, together we can travel mountains. Above all please bask the installations and strive to make your ends.

Night World : Soulmate Chapter 1

The werewolves broke in while Hannah Snow was in the psychologist's office. She was there for the obvious reason. â€Å"I think I'm going insane,† she said quietly as soon as she sat down. â€Å"And what makes you think that?† The psychologist's voice was neutral, soothing. Hannah swallowed. Okay, she thought. Lay it on the line. Skip the paranoid feeling of being followed and the ultra-paranoid feeling that someone was trying to kill her, ignore the dreams that woke her up screaming. Go straight to the really weird stuff. â€Å"I write notes,† she said flatly. â€Å"Notes.† The therapist nodded, tapping a pencil against his lips. Then as the silence stretched out: â€Å"Uh, and that bothers you?† â€Å"Yes.† She added in a jagged rush, â€Å"Everything used to be so perfect. I mean, I had my whole life under control. I'm a senior at Sacajawea High. I have nice friends; I have good grades. I even have a scholarship fromUtahState for next year. And now it's all falling apart†¦ because of me. Because I'm going crazy.† â€Å"Because you write notes?† the psychologist said, puzzled. â€Å"Um, poison pen letters, compulsive memo taking†¦ ?† â€Å"Notes like these.† Hannah leaned forward in her chair and dropped a handful of crumpled scraps of paper on his desk. Then she looked away miserably as he read them. He seemed like a nice guy-and surprisingly young for a shrink, she thought. His name was Paul Win-field-â€Å"Call me Paul,† he'd said-and he had red hair and analytical blue eyes. He looked as if he might have both a sense of humor and a temper. And he likes me, Hannah thought. She'd seen the flicker of appreciation in his eyes when he'd opened the front door and found her standing silhouetted against the flamingMontana sunset. And then she'd seen that appreciation change to utter blankness, startled neutrality, when she stepped inside and her face was revealed. It didn't matter. People usually gave Hannah two looks, one for the long, straight fair hair and the clear gray eyes†¦ and one for the birthmark. It slanted diagonally beneath her left cheekbone, pale strawberry color, as if someone had dipped a finger in blusher and then drawn it gently across Hannah's face. It was permanent-the doctors had removed it twice with lasers, and it had come back both times. Hannah was used to the stares it got her. Paul cleared his throat suddenly, startling her. She looked back at him. † ‘Dead before seventeen,' † he read out loud, thumbing through the scraps of paper. † ‘Remember the Three Rivers-DO NOT throw this note away.' ‘The cycle can be broken.' ‘It's almost May-you know what happens then.' † He picked up the last scrap. â€Å"And this one just says, ‘He's coming.' â€Å" He smoothed the papers and looked at Hannah. â€Å"What do they mean?† â€Å"I don't know.† â€Å"You don't know?† â€Å"I didn't write them,† Hannah said through her teeth. Paul blinked and tapped his pencil faster. â€Å"But you said you did write them-â€Å" â€Å"It's my handwriting. I admit that,† Hannah said. Now that she had gotten started, the words came out in gasping bursts, unstoppable. â€Å"And I find them in places where nobody else could put them †¦ in my sock drawer, inside my pillowcase. This morning I woke up and I was holding that last one in my fist. But I still don't write them.† Paul waved his pencil triumphantly. â€Å"I see. You don't remember writing them.† â€Å"I don't remember because I didn't do it. I would never write things like that. They're all nonsense.† â€Å"Well.† Tap. Tap. â€Å"I guess that depends. ‘It's almost May'-what happens in May?† â€Å"May first is my birthday.† â€Å"That's, what, a week from now? A week and a day. And you'll be †¦ ?† Hannah let out her breath. â€Å"Seventeen.† She saw the psychologist pick up one of the scraps-she didn't need to ask which one. Dead before seventeen, she thought. â€Å"You're young to be graduating,† Paul said. â€Å"Yeah. My mom taught me at home when I was a kid, and they put me in first grade instead of kindergarten.† Paul nodded, and she thought she could see him thinking overachiever. â€Å"Have you ever†-he paused delicately-â€Å"had any thoughts about suicide?† â€Å"No. Never. I would never do anything like that.† â€Å"Hmm†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Paul frowned, staring at the notes. There was a long silence and Hannah looked around the room. It was decorated like a psychologist's office, even though it was just part of a house. Out here in centralMontana , with miles between ranches, towns were few and far between. So were psychologists-which was why Hannah was here. Paul Winfield was the only one available. There were diplomas on the walls; books and impersonal knickknacks were in the bookcase. A carved wooden elephant. A semi-dead plant. A silver-framed photograph. There was even an official-looking couch. And am I going to lie on that? Hannah thought. I don't think so. Paper rustled as Paul pushed a note aside. Then he said gently, â€Å"Do you feel that someone else is trying to hurt you?† Hannah shut her eyes. Of course she felt that someone was trying to hurt her. That was part of being paranoid, wasn't it? It proved she was crazy. â€Å"Sometimes I have the feeling I'm being followed,† she said at last in almost a whisper. â€Å"By†¦ ?† â€Å"I don't know.† Then she opened her eyes and said flatly, â€Å"Something weird and supernatural that's out to get me. And I have dreams about the apocalypse.† Paul blinked. â€Å"The-apoc †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"The end of the world. At least I guess that's what it is. Some huge battle that's coming: some giant horrible ultimate fight. Between the forces of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She saw how he was staring at her. She looked away and went on resignedly. â€Å"Good.† She held out one hand. â€Å"And evil.† She held out the other. Then both hands went limp and she put them in her lap. â€Å"So I'm crazy, right?† â€Å"No, no, no.† He fumbled with the pencil, then patted his pocket. â€Å"Do you happen to have a cigarette?† She glanced at him in disbelief, and he flinched. â€Å"No, of course you don't. What am I saying? It's a filthy habit. I quit last week.† Hannah opened her mouth, closed it, then spoke slowly. â€Å"Look, Doctor-I mean, Paul. I'm here because I don't want to be crazy. I just want to be me again. I want to graduate with my class. I want to have a great summer horseback riding with my best friend, Chess. And next year I want to go toUtahState and study dinosaurs and maybe find a duckbill nest site of my own. I want my life back. But if you can't help me †¦Ã¢â‚¬  She stopped and gulped. She almost never cried; it was the ultimate loss of control. But now she couldn't help it. She could feel warmth spill out of her eyes and trace down her cheeks to tickle her chin. Humiliated, she wiped away the teardrops as Paul peered around for a tissue. She sniffed. â€Å"I'm sorry,† he said. He'd found a box of Kleenex, but now he left it to come and stand beside her. His eyes weren't analytical now; they were blue and boyish as he tentatively squeezed her hand. â€Å"I'm sorry, Hannah. It sounds awful. But I'm sure I can help you. We'll get to the bottom of it. You'll see, by summertime you'll be graduating withUtahState and riding the duckbills, just like always.† He smiled to show it was a joke. â€Å"All this will be behind you.† â€Å"You really think?† He nodded. Then he seemed to realize he was standing and holding a patient's hand: not a very professional position. He let go hastily. â€Å"Maybe you've guessed; you're sort of my first client. Not that I'm not trained-I was in the top ten percent of my class. So. Now.† He patted his pockets, came up with the pencil, and stuck it in his mouth. He sat down. â€Å"Let's start with the first time you remember having one of these dreams. When-â€Å" He broke off as chimes sounded somewhere inside the house. The doorbell. He looked flustered. â€Å"Who would be†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He glanced at a clock in the bookcase and shook his head. â€Å"Sorry, this should only take a minute. Just make yourself comfortable until I get back.† â€Å"Don't answer it,† Hannah said. She didn't know why she said it. All she knew was that the sound of the doorbell had sent chills running through her and that right now her heart was pounding and her hands and feet were tingling. Paul looked briefly startled, then he gave her a gentle reassuring smile. â€Å"I don't think it's the apocalypse at the door, Hannah. We'll talk about these feelings of apprehension when I get back.† He touched her shoulder lightly as he left the room. Hannah sat listening. He was right, of course. There was nothing at all menacing about a doorbell. It was her own craziness. She leaned back in the soft contoured chair and looked around the room again, trying to relax. It's all in my head. The psychologist is going to help me†¦. At that instant the window across the room exploded.

Employability and Professional Development Essay

Employability and Professional Development - Essay Example My main focus was to improve my skills in report writing, because as a spinal research coordinator, I am required to write various projects and business cases. In addition, my skills in budgeting, assertiveness, leadership, team working and knowing how to deal with difficult situations in line with HR policies are all important skills. 2.0 Evaluation of my Employability Skills Evaluation is an important stage in the self-reflection as it helps me to focus on my career goals and those of the organization (Pedler, 2001). In my role as a spinal research coordinator I am required to liaise and coordinate with different levels of staff - medical and non-medical - within the spinal deformity unit and across the hospital. The coordination of various research projects, managing elements of operational delivery of the spinal deformity unit, and resource planning and assessment, are all requirements of my role. These requirements are in line with my plan to become more conversant with HR polic ies. Thus I have developed team building skills since this role involved ffamiliarizing myself with HR policies and regulations would enable me to work with human resource activities which require management. This plan has helped to improve my service delivery in the field of human resources and use my time more effectively to fulfil my potential and further my career. My personal development plan was to improve my report-writing skills which seem to meet the requirements of my organisation. The role of a spinal research coordinator in my organisation requires someone with knowledge of writing various reports and working on business cases. Since at the moment I have little skills in regard to report writing, developing these skills shall be of paramount importance in attaining my organisation’s requirements in this area (Schon, 1991). Other requirements of my organisation, such as assisting the human resources department in recruitment and resource planning, are tasks that a resource manager should be accountable for. These are skills I planned to achieve but I have not yet achieved them since my writing skills are still low. I have not achieved them but I hope to apply my strengths to report-writing to be able deliver reports quickly and on time, so I am confident I can develop in this area. My career objective is to one day work as a service manager. However, being a manager requires the ability to perform a lot of tasks and use problem solving skills in various situations. In my plan I wanted to develop team-working skills and decisions making. Having to deal with the problem of team working and knowing how to make decisions in difficult situations might be important in the realization of my dream of becoming a service manager, as I can apply my problem-solving skills to improve in these areas. Public speaking is an important skill in management (Pedler, 2001). I realized after my SWOT analysis that I have a fear of public speaking which I needed to develop. Since I want to be the service manager of my organisation I need to work on being confident at public speaking as during the course of my role as a service manager I might be required to represent my organisation at meetings or give speeches regarding the vision and mission of my organisation. 3.0 A Review of Theoretical Principles I have developed leadership skills that would enable me in

God does not Play Dice but Science does Research Paper

God does not Play Dice but Science does - Research Paper Example Before the Big Bang our cosmos was no bigger than the size of an atomic nucleus. Science explains that since then the universe has been expanding at a steady rate (John, 1997). It was Edwin Hubble in 1929 whose observations confirmed this assumption. Although the cosmos is expanding, no one knows what it is expanding into. The laws of science could explain the initial conditions of the universe but would fail to clarify the reason because of which the universe began. Before the Eighteenth century, it was believed that such questions belonged to the realm of metaphysics or religion. Today such an approach is widely considered preposterous as science in the 21st century could unravel the most astounding mysteries. Our perceptions of space and time have been greatly influenced by theories including Einstein’s general theory of Relativity, Newton's theory of gravity and largely by the Quantum theory. Einstein's special theory of relativity, which was later modified as the general theory of relativity and Newton's theory are classical theories. Their implications proposed that space and time were a fixed background. Time was like a long track stretching in only two directions. Einstein found innumerable difficulties when he tried to reconcile his special theory with Newton's theory of Gravity. He eventually resorted to the conclusion that space itself was curved and it was not separate from time. He highlighted the fact that gravity had distorted everything in space. Objects in space would try to move in a straight direction but their paths would appear to be bent. It was thus evaluated that due to sun's mass space-time would curve which bends the path of the planets. Space-time could be defined as the four dimensional space whose each point is an event. Einstein's General theory of relativity which further stated that the laws of science should be same for all observers was confirmed in 1915, approximately ten years after the acceptance of the special theory of relativity. Now one might wonder that reality could be stranger than fiction because the laws which govern cosmos can shape reality in the most unusual fashion. It is inevitable to ignore these complex notions if we are to develop an understanding of space and time from a scientific angle. The discovery of Quantum mechanics in 1926 was one of the greatest achievements ever for science. Einstein was partly responsible for its discovery but Max Planck played the major role. The word 'Quantum' has been derived from 'Quanta' which means packets. Quantum physics deals with the study of sub-atomic particles and according to many scientists this theory has brought an element of uncertainty in modern physics (Michel, 2006). An important concept which forms the basis of Quantum theory is the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. It states that one cannot accurately determine the velocity and position of a particle simultaneously. If you would try to measure a particle's location accurately , then you will not be able to determine its actual velocity. Einstein had earlier suggested that light consisted of particles known as 'photons'. He thus explained how electrons in a solid body would be dislodged if light fell on it. It should be noted that Quantum mechanics function on a very small scale but it remains a significant part of Science. However Richard Feynman's theory without which the Quantum theory is incomplete can be applied on a larger scale. According to its principles every event or

National Cholesterol Education Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Cholesterol Education Program - Essay Example Additional factors include age, a family history of heart disease, and being male. The risk of heart disease is the main reason why cholesterol level alertness is required. Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease (CVD) or coronary heart disease (CHD), is defined as any disorder, which impairs the normal functioning of the heart (Gandelman, 2006). Such disorders include arrhythmias, heart attack (myocardial infarction), and the various kinds of cardiomyopathy and angina. According to Barrett (2006), heart attack is ranked one among the most common causes of death in the United States and stroke is a close third. Epidemiological surveys demonstrated that there is a continuous correlation between CHD risk and serum total cholesterol levels over a broad range of cholesterol values (Grundy et al., 2004). High-risk and very high-risk people are individuals who have over 20% chance of heart attack within ten years (Barrett, 2006). The 2004 ATP III guideline regarding the said individuals state that drug therapy should be definite at 130 mg/dL (milligram per deciliter) cholesterol levels and it should be optional between 100 to 129 mg/dL levels (Barrett, 2006). This was a major change from the 2001 recommendation. Now, the goal for LDL-lowering therapy for all high-risk patients is a LDL-C level of less than 100 mg/dL (Grundy et al., 2004). According ... The ATP reports identified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as the main target of cholesterol-lowering therapy since "Many prospective studies have shown that the high serum concentrations of LDL-C is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD)" (Grundy et al., 2004). Cholesterol-lowering therapy involves statins and some clinical trials that tested the efficiency and effectiveness of these drugs are as follows. In a Heart Protection Study (HPS) conducted in the United Kingdom involving 20 536 adults, aged 40 to 80 years and at high risk for a CVD event, the patients were randomly allocated to 40 mg simvastatin or placebo daily (Grundy et al., 2004). The results demonstrated that in patients treated with simvastatin, all-cause mortality was significantly reduced by 13%. Moreover, "Major vascular events were reduced by 24%, coronary death rate by 18%, nonfatal myocardial infarction + coronary death by 27%, nonfatal or fatal stroke by 25%, and cardiovascular revascularization by 24%" (Grundy et al., 2004). On the other hand, the Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) examined the efficacy of pravastatin treatment in older people with or at high risk of developing CVD and stroke. A total of 5804 subjects aged 70 to 82 years, with history of vascular disease or CVD risk factors, were randomly assigned pravastatin or placebo treatment. The follow-up averaged 3.2 years. Results showed that baseline total cholesterol ranged from 150 mg/dL to 350 mg/dL and prasvatatin reduced LDL-C levels by 34%. Major coronary events such as nonfatal myocardial infarction and CHD death fell by 19% whereas CHD mortality fell by 24%. The authors of PROSPER concluded that statin therapy can be extended to

Novel analysis. The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins Essay

Novel analysis. The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins - Essay Example This molded an indication of the novel at the back of the biographer`s mind. Moreover, she used the ‘Theseus’, a Greek fairytale as the foundation for the story she had to inscribe. In relation to this myth, Collins gave a description of Katniss as a revolutionary Theseus. In addition, it has been revealed that the Roman ‘gladiatorial’ Games provided the framework. Another influence for the story, came because of the sense of loss she developed majorly through her father`s service in Vietnam war; this is linked to the story since; she also lost her daddy at a tender age also. According to studies, the hunger games are a science creative writing novel transcribed by Suzanne Collins in 2008; the story was written in an opinion of a 16-year-old Katniss, who rendering to the storywriter, exists in ‘Panem’, ‘a post-apocalypltic’ state. This is where according history; North American countries were once thought to have existed; it is know n that the capital of the nation is a highly metropolis area, which practices political control over the whole nation. Studies show, that the hunger games are majorly annual events, where a boy and a girl aged around fifteen years drawn from each of the 12 districts around the capital, get selected through a lottery; the youth contest in an encounter that ends up to demise. The ‘hunger games’ was issued originally on September 14 in 2008 and later released in softcover and as an ‘audiobook’, as well as an ‘eBook’. Studies show that after the release of about two hundred thousand print copies, the book sold rapidly and by early 2010, the book had already sold about eight hundred thousand copies. The book has been translated into about twenty-seven languages since its release and having sold in forty territories the publishing rights. The design (plot) of the game Studies show that, the hunger games takes palace in Panem, a nation established in North America following the obliteration of the North America continent’s civilization through unrecognized apocalyptic events. It is found that, the nation is comprised of a wealthy capital including twelve poorer districts, which history shows, they are united through firm control of the capital. The volume instigates in the twelfth region; this region is found in the expanse, rich in petroleum and previously recognized as ‘Appalachia’ (Collins 10). The story is constructed on the realism of the past revolt; thus, as retribution related to the past rebellion against the control capital, and where the thirteenth district got destroyed. It starts with, one boy and a girl who age about fifteen or seventeen, selected from every district through an annual lottery and they are to participate in the hunger games. This is an event where the selected participants fight to death in an alfresco amphitheater, which is under the capital’s control and this goes on unt il there remains only one individual at the end of the event. The story is recounted through a girl from the twelfth region who is about sixteen years. She is a helper who partakes in the seventy-forth ‘hunger games’ yearly occasion. Peeta is a virile contestant who was chosen from the same twelfth district and he is a anterior faculty buddy of Katniss. In the course of the time when Katniss kinfolk was famished, Peeta gave her a bread from the household`s bakery. It is recorded that Katniss and Peeta were taken to the capital to be instructed by their mentor, Abernathy, who won the fiftieth hunger games. The instructor is also set to determine the strengths and the possible faults of other participants, which will help a great deal in understanding the role played

Literature Review on Change Management Research Paper

Literature Review on Change Management - Research Paper Example Managing change in an organization is a complex procedure which involves various factors which influence the transformation initiatives. The quality and change management are interlinked in a manner that it is extremely essential to administer quality of the ongoing project. If project is behind schedule or lacks some elements it is essential to introduce change management procedures after having proper consent from the management. Every manager perceives differently about the change management initiatives because of their personal experiences and the success factors which they have faced. Change management requires companies to tackle with every problem according to their priorities which allows manager to easily allocate resources and skills for resolving them (Sirkin, Keenan, & Jackson, 2013). These measures and indicators can easily be applied to any working organization for having enterprise change management. But it must be clearly defined that change management is different fo r every department of a business. ... nal Organisation The procedure which is being followed in educational organizations are quite different from what is being followed in business sector. The educational organizations have a lot of external pressure which they have on their learning curriculum. The courses and their associated areas require universities to cope with the changing procedures and develop strategies for implementing such change management practices in their daily official routines. Education sector requires proper funding from external sources for competing with the changing learning patterns being implemented worldwide. Students are now required to spend substantial time of their lectures and assignments and follow new learning patterns. Besides there are instances in which universities and colleges are emerging against litigation issues which has increased the scrutiny procedures along with conductance of external audits from third parties (Szamosi & Duxbury, 2002). Education sector is bound to follow th ese changes as it helps them in ranking their services and learning standards accordingly in comparison with other international universities. Educational sector needs to be aware of the change management procedures because it plays a central role in social and economic upheaval and in some countries it is considered as a major contributor of export and import. For remaining competitive with the changing business patterns it is essential that educational sector must respond to all these changes in a positive manner and design actions to combat with these forces appropriately. Change management procedures allow management of this sector to determine whether the key quality improvements and strategic developments have been identified and implemented as required. It is also useful for

Liquidity Effects in Corporate Bond Spreads Summary Essay

Liquidity Effects in Corporate Bond Spreads Summary - Essay Example However, practical separation of the two fundamental factors is indescribable. Separation of the two fundamental factors during measurement of credit spreads and inherent risks associated with corporate bonds is domineering in understanding individual contributions amongst the two. However, comprehensive understanding of liquidity effects within a specified bond pairs traded by a firm on a given day assists in examining their spreads or yields. Liquidity proxies define the most effective technique of measuring liquidity effects and corporate bond spreads on a given pair of bonds from the same firm. However, liquidity proxies have significant faults in determining the inherent effects requiring addition of clarifying power by incorporating other firms’ bonds. Matching bonds issued by the same firm helps in subduing credit risks and elaborating existing variation within bond spreads. Since liquidity proxies elaborates limited inherent variations in corporate spreads, it is essential to incorporate the aforementioned descriptive power through linking measurement to prices of other bonds within the diverse market. Unreliability of liquidity proxies in providing spreads associated with corporate bonds prompts for further explanation and affirms that measuring bond spreads with liquidity proxies is inherently

A reflective paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A reflective paper - Essay Example One day, as I was checking my emails, I saw an email titled â€Å"Congratulations! You won the Lottery Competition.† I quickly tried to think which lottery had I applied in that I might have won, but nothing came to my mind. I opened the email, and it said that I had been randomly chosen by a company through my email address for a lottery with a prize worth $10,00,000 few months ago, and that in the latest lucky draw, my email was the one that was picked for the first prize from among hundreds of thousands of email addresses. My adrenaline level increased and I could feel sparks flash down by spine. Just by the mere thought of becoming a million dollar richer overnight, I was having goose-bumps. My stomach was lurching with excitement and I almost screamed. My sister playing at a distance of a few yards came running towards me and asked what had happened. I said, â€Å"Anna, I won the lottery!† She asked me to show her the email and I did. She also got very excited but I’m sure a bit jealous too. The next thing I did was read the email in detail so as to know how to get to the money. The email showed the complete procedure. It required me to give them my name, my identity card number, my bank account number, my citizenship, my country and such other details. I wondered why somebody might need so many details to transfer the money to my bank account. Principally, the bank account number should have sufficed. I kept reading further to find that the company also required a down-payment of $100 from me first as a processing fee. I thought what to do. The opportunity was too big to forget but depositing $100 was not easy either as I didn’t have any money as I did not do any job at that time. I replied to the email asking them to deduct $100 from my prize money and send me the balance, but the next day I got their response saying that the company’s law did not allow that. I decided to consult my parents and friends. When I did, they told me to beware and

Representation of Urban Culture in the Literary Works of Anzia Essay

Representation of Urban Culture in the Literary Works of Anzia Yezierska and Carl Sandburg - Essay Example In her fifty-year writing career, the major theme of organizing throughout her mechanism is the cost of acculturation and incorporation among refugees. Her stories offer nearby into the meaning of emancipation for refugees' mainly Jewish immigrant women. Many of her works of narrative can be branded semi autobiographical. In her writing, she illustrates a lot on her personal life as a migrant in New York's Lower East Side. Her works, therefore, trait elements of realism with serious notice to aspect and skilful utilization of Yiddish-English dialect. At the same time, sentimentalism and extremely romanticized typescript have encouraged some detractors to label her works as romantic. In All I Could Never Be and Red Ribbon on a White Horse, Yezierska figured out their love as an ideal amalgamation of two cultures that verifies disillusioning. This story of the Gentile tutor and suitor happened to an example that persisted throughout her works, as Yezierska inspected the alteration of imaginative migration women from greenhorns to Americans. The achievements of Anzia Yezierska early short stories led to a succinct, but noteworthy, relationship between the novelist and Hollywood. Movie maker Samuel Goldwyn acquired the rights to Yezierska's collection Hungry Hearts. The film was shot on site at New York's Lower East Side. ... In 2006, an original attain was collected to escort the film. Yezierska 1923 novel, Salome of the Tenements" was too shaped as a still picture. Although Yezierska own semi-autobiographical occupation had donated to this rags-to-riches picture, she found herself scratchy with person touted as a case of the American Dream. Irritated by the triviality of Hollywood and by her possess estrangement from her extraction, Yezierska arrived to New York in the mid-1920s and sustained publishing novels and stories. Carl Sandburg He was an American poet, historian, and author. He was born in Galesburg his parents were Swedish. He lived in the Midwest, primarily Chicago, in Flat Rock, North Carolina. He lived there with his wife and children's until his death that was in 1967. To a great extent of Sandburg's poetry fixed on Chicago, and he was a foremost figure in the group of writers belonging to this city who shaped the fictional association called the Chicago Renaissance. His well-known portrayal of the city is as Hog Butcher intended for the World/Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat/Player among Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler, /Stormy, Husky, Brawling, and City of the Big Shoulders. In 1916 Sandburg had his first real experience of sensation as a poet with the publication of his first openly applauded volume, Chicago Poems, of which the title poem, "Chicago," fascinated popular attention In the poem, he portray the city as "stormy, husky, brawling a curved brutal place. He portrayed the people of the city with a cruel realism: prostitutes, gangsters, browbeaten factory labours and their families ravenous on low wages. Sandburg's Chicago, though, for all its unevenness and brutality was alive brawny cunning.

Feminism is for Everybody Essay Example for Free

Feminism is for Everybody Essay Feminism is a social, cultural, moral and political advocacy encompassed on gender issues such as inequality. In this regard there are several writings that concerns the principles of feminism. The contents of literary works about feminism vary, some writers intend to advocate for the very cause of feminism blindingly, some authors, conversely, intend to provide information about feminism in a non-political or non-equalitarian manner. One such notable content can be found in Bell Hooks publication, Feminism is for Everybody. Hooks book gives the reader a whole different perspective on the radical feminist theory. The primary intention of her book is to bring the feminist point-of-view to non-believers, apathetics and unfamiliar. Hooks also counters the popular notion regarding feminism as she feels that these notions should be given proper attention and correction. In this manner, the common misconception on the ideas of feminism will be clear to society. In the book, Feminism is for everybody, the author rejects the usual beliefs connected to feminism and considers such belief as nothing more than a myth. Hooks puts the arguments and advocacies of feminism in a summarized manner in order to provide a simpler context to readers as well as well as a new concept of what feminism should be. Hooks new concept of feminism suggests a fight against stiff sexism in a benevolent society, thereby ultimately advocating for an inclusive movement. In Feminism is for Everybody, Hooks traces the roots of the feminist movement and gives detail on what it has achieved so far. an advocacy minus the associations of anti-sexism (Hooks, 2000). The historical background of feminism is given in order to put emphasis on the misconstrusion that happened along the way and to give way to the new concept of the movement. Hooks raises the question is feminist a philosophical belief or a political cause, given that the author tackles the arguments of the radical feminists. The debate whether feminism is a philosophical belief or a political cause can also be caused by one of the books chapters tackling gender oppression. The basis may be seen on the idea typecasting male as the enemy, the categorization of man as the oppressor and woman is the oppressed is the primary reason behind feminisms second wave, however, Hooks also does not take away the fact that females are also responsible for such opression given that it took time for the supposed oppresed to spearhead for change (Hooks, 2007). Hooks furthers this by giving the past mistakes of feminism and the misleading beliefs that feminists associated themselves with. This is on the account that most feminists focus on the problem and not on the solution. In a personal account, I am taken to a different world as far as feminism is concerned, primarily because Bell Hooks gives a different appraoch in discussing the cause of feminism. It is also notable that the author diminished the complexities of the feminist thought but still detailed enough to get me educated. The book caused me to reconsider my prior beliefs regarding the arguments presented by feminists. The non-traditional manner of Hooks presentation eliminated my angst towards feminists and made me realize that it is time for change, Hooks compelled me to believe that it is time to dispose of the misleading conventional feminist beliefs of the past and focus on the current issues, moreover, Hooks made me believe that feminism is indeed for everybody. References Hooks, B. (2000). Feminism is for Everybody. Cambridge: South End Press.

Jindal Steel Power Limited

Jindal Steel Power Limited Jindal Steel Power Limited Company Profile Jindal Steel Power Limited, part of the Jindal Organization, is one of the important steel producers of the country. Founded at Hisar, Haryana by industrialist O P Jindal, it is currently the third largest producer in India in terms of tonnage. It manufactures sponge iron, iron ore etc. as well as active in power generation. With revenue of about $1363.5 million last year, the company employs more than 15000 people throughout the world. The company has its headquarters in New Delhi and is presently headed and managed by Naveen Jindal, son of late O P Jindal. (www.datamonitor.com) Decision making and analysis In the contemporary scenario, the success or breakdown of the business is closely associated with the class of decision making. Decision making at Jindal steel and power takes place at three levels * Corporate level: The decisions here generally concentrate on companys core competence, backward and forward integration, competitive advantages and manpower retention by employee empowerment. * Middle management: The decisions concern realization of goals set by the top management and to monitor the progress and make any mid course correction. * Operational management: Decisions related to product quality, delivery and after sales service to ensure customer satisfaction at all levels (internal as well as external). Strategic decision Cyclic industries like iron ore, steel or power are very susceptible to changes in government policies or in terms of availing new opportunities. Jindal management is in tune with such highly efficient strategic decision making. One such strategic decision taken by Jindal Steel and Power ltd. is discussed herein- â€Å"Jindal Steel and Power Limited has entered into a strategic alliance with Hydro Power development corporation of Arunachal Pradesh and the state government, to set up Subansiri Middle, a 1600 MW hydro electric power plant there (Asia Pulse, November 25,2009)†. The decision is considered strategic because- * This project will make them big enough in hydro electric power generation to eliminate any competition * There is a tremendous gap between supply and demand of power in India; this project will ensure returns which will never be affected adversely by any downturn in economy or political changes in the country. * Involves high degree of uncertainty and risk * Involves huge capital investment in the form of fixed assets and infrastructure Thus such decision is taken after undertaking extensive research and information analysis. Some of the important areas of research or information required before taking the decision are- * Information on the available alternatives to the decision; a critical and thorough analysis of the alternatives is required as huge investments are involved * Facts and information about the benefits or services being provided by the concerned state government like tax holidays, subsidies, land etc. (Arunachal Pradesh state government provides various incentives like Sales tax/VAT exemption up to 99% or low predetermined lease rents of land, (www.arunachalpradesh.nic.in). * Local and national competitors in Arunachal Pradesh, as well as analysis of the target areas * Information on availability of raw materials, labor supply and transportation facilities in the state of Arunachal Pradesh; as well as the legal and operational costs involved in the setting up of the plant Tactical Decision A tactical decision taken by Jindal steel and power management is â€Å"declaring a dividend of 550% for the shareholders†. The decision was taken after the company reported more than two-fold growth in consolidated net profits (www.jindalsteelpower.com). The decision taken here is tactical as- * It is medium term; dividends for one fiscal year * the decision is not very frequent or repetitive * the company will build brand loyalty and retain loyal stakeholders * Quantitative information is available about companys financials Although these decisions are less risk prone and have medium term effects, still they need to be taken after thoroughly analyzing the available information. Information required by the Jindal management before declaring dividends is discussed below * Complete information about the companys financial performance and reports * Understanding of the companys financial ratios to maintain a balanced financial leverage and favorable debt-equity ratio * Information on the other viable alternatives where the profits could be invested, if dividends are not to be declared * Competitor dividend policies whether dividends are declared by rival companies in that particular quarter Operational decision The bottom line of Jindal group depends on the decisions taken at operational levels. The guiding principles of decision making are waste management, quality management, delivery management in the most cost effective way. Jindal steel and power decided to hire another local transport company for the purpose of delivery of their raw materials from the market to logistics/ factory unit or goods from factory to market. The decision here is regarded as operational due to the reasons mentioned below- * The decision involved here is immediate and involves lower costs * Is for a short period of time * Has limited scope for decision * The decision is repetitive and susceptible to frequent changes Such decisions are often based on computerized data, experience of the managers or locally available information. Some information requirements are * Information about the cost and time benefits/losses associated with the decision * Comparative analysis of the available options (transport companies in this case) Competitive Intelligence Information on strategic and tactical moves of competitors plays crucial role in survival or death of an organization. Jindal Steel and Power limited is no exception to this. At Jindal, management is aware of its competition and does whatever it takes to keep ahead of the competitors. The main competitors of Jindal Steel and Power limited are * Steel Authority Of India Limited * Tata Steel * Tata Power * MSP Steel and Power limited Some cases or situations where information on competitors decisions and policies may prove or proved quite useful are discussed below Recently, when Steel Authority of India Limited entered into an exclusive agreement with the Indian Railways for supplying products, Jindal Steel and Power aware of the decision and the consequences, filed a case with the Competition Commission of India against Indian Railways on the basis that the exclusive agreement would threaten the likelihood of competitors contending for the projects through competitive bids (Business Standard, November 9, 2009). In another instance, Jindal steel and power ltd. being aware of the fact that the demand for galvanized iron and steel is quite high in many areas of north India, have themselves planned to launch something on the lines of galvanized steel launched by Tata steel in July 2009 (India Business Insight, November 2009). Having information about the decision of Tata steel to launch a new form of galvanized steel will prove quite beneficial to Jindal steel as they can launch a better product than the competitors and thus ensure that there is no loss or damage to their market share for the product in North India. In a similar situation, information on MSP steel and powers expansion plans in Chhattisgarh (www.myiris.com) is of utmost relevance to Jindal Steel and Power as it has a considerable market share in Chhattisgarh and MSP steel and powers expansion there might affect Jindals business and market share. Thus JSPL can take certain decisions and change/develop plans for their own expansion to make sure that there is no effect on their market share and they have a competitive edge over their competitors. Another instance where knowledge about competitors decisions and information proved quite beneficial to JSPL is regarding the setting up of a power plant in Arunachal Pradesh. Jindal Steel and Power, knowing about the plan of Reliance power to set up 1000 MW hydro electric power plant in Arunachal Pradesh (India Business Insight, 2009), formulated its own strategies and decisions accordingly, and decided to set up a hydro electric power plant with more power generation capacity before the establishment of Reliance Powers plant there. B2B Commerce Jindal Steel and Power Whatever the size of the business may be, B2B e-commerce undoubtedly adds value to its operations. Jindal group has kept itself abreast with the latest technology and launched a B2B portal Steelmart.com for the steel sector. It has formed alliances with various service providers like Indiaport.com and many others to provide a perfect environment for choosing and selecting new business associates for carrying out the transactions, not only for the companies under the Jindal group but the other firms in the steel sector as well. However in context of Jindal Steel and power, through this initiative, Jindal group intends to provide Jindal steel and power with an easy access to market functionaries: producers, distributors, suppliers etc and an electronic marketplace solution (Business Line, September 2000). This enables JSPL to ensure a continuous availability of raw materials whenever required to improve the efficiency level of operations and supply/distribution channels. B2B without any question offers variety of information on products, suppliers, product time and lead time, competitors, market share etc. and therefore besides the portal, Jindal management has developed an extensive system of B2B commerce or in other words, an online system providing suppliers all over the country the facility to register with the Jindal group and supply raw materials and other resources as and when required by the company. Jindal group already has a well established Enterprise Resource Planning and SAP mechanism, and B2B is just another leap forward to become more cost effective and competitive. Looking at the pace with which Jindal Steel and Power has rose to a position of eminence in the steel and energy industry, B2B holds even more importance for the company in the future and has very high future potential. Conclusion Jindal Steel and Power limited can be thus seen as a highly efficient and competitive company, in tune with the latest aspects of the technology and development, possessing at the same time, the wide experience and knowledge of an equally effective and efficient management team. The company is a live example of excellence and perfectionism involving highly competent decision making, planning and execution of the strategies. References * Indias Jindal to setup 1600 MW power plant in Arunachal (2009). Asia Pulse (Internet), 25 November. Available from Accessed 24th November 2009 * Arunachal Pradesh State Industrial Policy (2008), Department of Industries, Government of Arunachal Pradesh (Internet). Available from Accessed 24th November 2009 * Jindal Steel net up 2 fold; announces 550% dividend (2009) Press Trust of India (Internet) 27 May. Available from Accessed 24th November 2009 * Press Trust of India (2009) JSPL files complaint against railways with CCI. Business Standard (Internet) 9 November. Available from Accessed 25th November 2009 * Tata launches Galvanized Steel brand (2009). India Business Insight (Internet) 13 July. Available from Accessed 25th November 2009 * Company Profile ‘Jindal Steel and Power limited (2008). Available from Accessed 24th November 2009 * IRIS Business Service (2008) MSP Steel announces expansion plans (Internet) 13 August. Available from Accessed 25th November 2009 * Reliance Power to set up a hydroelectric power plant in Arunachal Pradesh (2009). India Business Insight (Internet) 30 September. Available from Accessed 25th November 2009 * The Hindu Bureau (2000) O P Jindal group launches portal for steel sector (Internet) 30 September. Available from Accessed 26th November 2009

Fashion Magazines Define Females Beauty Standard Media Essay

Fashion Magazines Define Females Beauty Standard Media Essay Advertisements in women magazines has became active when marketer realised the purchase power of women, Marchland, 1985 suggested that in 1920s female purchasing power took over 80 percent of the whole consumer purchases. That was because the gender role of female at that time was home orientated, they were responsible for familial expenditure. As time changes, when the market of home orientated product got saturated, marketing then stereotypes women interconnected with sexuality. Courtney and Lockeretz suggested four general stereotypes of women were presented in print advertisement: A womans place is in the home; women do not make important decisions or do important things; women are dependent and need mens protection; and men regard women primarily as sexual objects (Courtney Whipple, 1983 pp.7). The beginning of media influence on beauty standard The advertising agencies referred women as General Purchasing Agent, as purchasing agents, women could command respect for exhibiting qualities previously honoured primarily in men-capacities for planning, efficiency, and expert decision making (Marchand 1958 pp.168). The G.P.A has became a corner stone of advertising in the field of female market, during this period advertising often adopt the theme of successful woman gain social acceptance and social approval through employing or consuming a particular product. McEwen suggested in 1976 that, from the field of social psychology, advertising agencies have employed the belief of the social self as a principle technique in advertisements by defining what was socially approved and what was not. During the phrase of social acceptance, the media portrayed the role of women as being responsible for broadening their social and intellectual interests as well as maintain youthful in order to be a modern companion for their husbands. They needed to preserve their youth so that they could beautify their husbands lives and keep pace with them during evenings of dancing and the theatre (Marchand 1985 pp.175).The importance of being self conscious of body image and appearance has been introduced through media, especially with the reinforcement of advertising in the late 1920s. In the middle of her mechanically engineered kitchen, the modern housewife was expected to be overcome with issue of whether her self, her body, her personality were viable in the so cio sexual market that define her job. Advertisements used pictures of veiled nudes and women in auto-erotic stances to encourage self comparison and to remind women of the primacy of their sexuality (McEwen 1976 pp.179). The idealised female images in which portrayed in media has always been changing, so is the standard of beauty perceived within the society. The media provides idealised body images of women by providing role models or examples of attractive women, for example, catwalk models and actresses. In which, audiences could compare themselves with the idealised body shape or appearance. The idealised body shaped has changed from being voluptuous and curvaceous in the 1940s and 1950s to being busty and narrow-hipped from the late 1960s through the 1980s (Straight 2005 pp.2) The reason of which the idealised beauty standard has always been changing was because companies need to create an unsustainable beauty standard to ensure targeted consumer will keep purchasing different goods to maintain satisfied with their appearance. Freedman, 1986 mentioned the beauty ideal was impossible to achieve and this could lead to feelings of inadequacy. The feelings of inadequacy were often fed by cosmetic and diet product manufactures, in which the primary objective of their advertisement campaigns were to persuade women they could improve their imperfections only by consuming their products. However the effects of media have on audience can vary due to individual differences. Audience with different personalities, pass experiences and social context interpret the messages of the media differently, in addition, different medium also provides different influence for audience, and for example, the influence of advertisement shall be strongest among the mediums, because the principle of advertising is to influence audiences behaviour and value. Ethical issues with advertising influence The internalization of an attractiveness ideal and a perception of body dissatisfaction may serve to mediate the relationship between media exposure and disordered eating (Stice et al, 1994). Media Awareness Network journal reported over three quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message on how to alter and improve womans bodily appearance by cosmetic surgery or diet. The ratio of diet ads in mens and women magazine is 1: 10, in which the ratio of eating disorders in men and women is identical. This indicates a relationship between exposure to diet ads and eating disorders, however gender differences may also affect behaviour. Theories of media influence on beauty standard Social comparison theory A theoretical model using social comparison processes can be offered to explain how exposure to the socio-cultural thin and attractive ideal leads to increased body dissatisfaction (Heinberg and Thompson, 1992; Smolak et al, 1993; Thompson et al, 1991). This theory suggests that individuals make upward comparison with others who offers specific, valued attributes. It also takes individual differences into account, for example, the differences in regard of self-esteem. Mintz and Betz, 1988, conducted a research that shown female college students who felt dissatisfied with their bodies image were more likely to conform to the stereotyped body presented in the media as attractive. This theory suggested that social comparison does not only occurs through comparison with images in the media but also with social group, e.g. friends and families member. The studies of social comparison often reported positive correlation between social comparison and body dissatisfaction. Schema theory Self-schema theory envisages body images as a mental construction rather than an objective evaluation (Markus, 1977). A self schema is an individuals mental perception of the way they are. This mental presentation has established over time mainly through pass experience of what others labelled or referred them in a particular way. For example, I am attractive or I am skinny. These kinds of attributes are taken into account in self concept and self esteem. Schema have been defined as cognitive generalizations about the self, derived from pass experiences, that organize and guide the processing of self-related information contained in the individuals social experience (Markus, 1977 pp.64). According to Markus, 1997, schematics constantly evaluate stimuli that are relevant for their body weight. Media images are one of the stimuli that trigger new schemas. The buyer decision processes According to Nicosia, F. 1966, a consumer decision making process involves five stages traditionally, which are problem recognition, information search, evaluate of alternatives, product choice and outcome. Problem recognition occurs when consumer realises a significant difference between the consumers current state and the ideal state he/she desired. The consumer sees this as a problem and requires a solution to solve, when the problem has been recognised, consumer will need adequate information to resolve the problem, in which the consumer will enter the information stage. There are briefly two kind of information search, the internal search and the external search. Internal search begins when consumer search alternative product from prior experience and his/her existing knowledge on a particular product and its alternatives, external search is when consumer gathers informative from external cues, for example, friends and advertisements. Finally, the consumer will enter the stage o f evaluation of alternatives. The buyer decision model are often used in advertisements, taking the Rimmel Mascara commercial 2007 as an example, the commercial started with Kate Moss ( the famous model) putting on mascara while a male narrator saying the more you put on, the sexier you are. The commercial intend to show differences between the audience current and ideal state of desire by showing the image of Kate Moss with the Rimmel Mascara on. By using a model that majority regard her as attractive, this create an upward comparison with others who offers specific, valued attributes. This could refer to the social comparison theory. The Rimmel Mascara also offered a solution for the problem, the commercial emphasis the more Rimmel mascara the audience put on the sexier they will be. The positive reinforcement shows the cause and effect of the Rimmel mascara and this increase the likelihood of conformity. Industry background Advertising industry The United Kingdom advertising industry was worth over  £16.5 billion in 2001. There are estimated 600 agencies in London and 20 agencies among the 600 agencies are full service agencies. Agencies can be categorized as 5 distinct types of agencies Creative agencies Media agencies Direct marketing agencies Digital/online agencies Full service agencies Role of the agencies Creative agencies work on behalf of clients, develop creative ideas for an advertising campaign. Media agencies consults clients on where, when and how to spending advertising budgets. Direct marketing agencies provide clients direct and strategic communication with the target audience, for example, direct mail. Digital/online agencies profession at digital communication. For example, search engine marketing. Full service agencies combine all the services of creative, media, direct marketing, digital/online agencies. Research questions and objectives Aim To explore the methods and strategies that advertising agencies use to influence womens perception of beauty standard. Research question Which methods and strategies used my advertising agencies are more efficient to stimulate womens conformity to the presented beauty ideal? Objectives To discuss the methods and strategies used by advertising agencies to influence female beauty standard. To compare the difference, between female in the age groups of 12-18 and 21 27, their perception of beauty standard influenced by printed advertisement. To investigate the ethical issue of advertising the idealised beauty. Research methodology Research approaches Deductive approach Deductive approach is employ when a researcher develops a hypothesis that can be tested by a research strategy. Inductive approach Inductive approach is employ when researchers collects information and develops theory as a result of information analysis. Research strategies There are mainly seven research strategies that are being used in business researches. Experiment. Questionnaire. Interview. Case study. Action research. Grounded theory. Ethnography. Archival research. Sampling Statisticians have proved the larger the sample size, the nearer its distribution will be to the normal distribution, statisticians also suggested that a sample size of 30 or more will be more likely to result in a sampling distribution for the mean that is close to normal distribution. Stutely, 2003 suggested a minimum number of 30 for statistical analysis provide valuable rule of thumb for the smallest number in each group of the overall sample. Therefore the sampling size of my primary research will be 30. Strategies for my primary research Experiment Experiment is a classical form of research that owes much to the natural science, although it features strongly in much social science research, particularly psychology. The purpose of an experiment is to study casual links; whether a change in one independent variable produces a change in another dependent variable (Hakim, 2000). The experiment strategy concerns the relationship between two variables, it is often used in explanatory or exploratory research to find out why and how questions. The experiment usually takes place in a strictly controlled situation, for example, laboratory to eliminate threats to internal validity. However, whilst the strictly controlled situation enhances the internal validity, the external validity is often hard to establish, as the controlled situation is often not a real life situation. Strategies for my secondary research Multiple source secondary data Multiple source secondary data will be an amalgam of both documentary and survey secondary data. It will take account of books, journals, articles, newspaper and previous research. The secondary research will be used to cover objectives below. It will be a mixture of qualitative (theoretical) and quantitative (numerical) data. To discuss the methods and strategies used by advertising agencies to influence female beauty standard. To investigate the ethical issue of advertising the idealised beauty. The reason of using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative date is to produce that can be statistically analyse to identify relationship between variables and to have theoretical data to support my research. How the experiment will be conducted The experiment will be carrying out in order to fulfil objective two. (Compare the difference, between female in the age groups of 12-18 and 21 27, their perception of beauty standard influenced by advertisement.) The reasons of choosing the age groups of 12-18 and 21-27 are because of the significant differences in cognitive maturity. Adolescents are also more likely to conform due to the high need of social acceptance. Hypothesis Adolescents are more likely to conform to the ideal beauty presented in the media. The sampling 30 participants in each age group. Participants selected by random sampling in central London. The experiment will be conducted under a controlled situation, for example, a conference room in London. Method The method below will be repeated in both 12-18 and 21-27 age group. Divide each age group participants into experimental group and control group. Both groups will be given a survey questioning how satisfy the participant feel about their appearance. Experimental group will be given 10 printed advertisements with attractive female before they answer the survey. The control group will not be given printed advertisements before they answer the survey. Compare the results of both experimental group and control group. Statistically analysis the result of both age groups. Resources Internet access for secondary data. Library access for secondary data. Experiment will be host in the conference room of my uncles office, in which permission has been gained and cost free. Excel software to analysis primary research. Printer. Financial resources Transport fees for participants involves in primary research. Additional cost for employing participants in primary research if volunteer participants could not be found. Budget 5 pounds transportation fee for each participant. Cost of employing participant will be estimated at 10 pounds each. Total cost = 90pounds.

Male Menopause: Fact or Fiction? Essay -- Biology Essays Research Pape

Male Menopause: Fact or Fiction? "Male menopause is a lot more fun than female menopause. With female menopause you gain weight and get hot flashes. Male menopause - you get to date young girls and drive motorcycles." (11) While 'male menopause' has provided both sexes a variety of jokes and frustration, there are researchers and scientists studying the alleged condition with great seriousness. Those who support the existence of male menopause feel strongly that its affects on the male mind and body should be regarded with the same credence that society attributes to the female menopause. Male Menopause begins with declining testosterone levels and is eventually characterized by the following symptoms: hair loss, depression, a slower immune system, weight gain, less stamina for physical activity, forgetfulness, irritability, and loss of or reduced interest in sex. (5) Impotence may also occur. Usually this "change" arises between the ages of 40 and 55, although it has been known to transpire as early as 35 and as late as 65. (6) Several different clinical terms exist for the popularized term "male menopause" such as "andropause" or "viropause". (2) Andropause was named for the hormone "androgen" which is essentially testosterone. It is also the name of the therapy with which they treat a man suffering from male menopause. This treatment comes in the form of injection, skin patches or liquid gel. (5) In order to be diagnosed with male menopause, one must have reached the eligible age then endure a physical exam wherein blood samples will be taken. These samples are tes ted for hormone levels. If these blood samples demonstrate low levels of androgen and the patient seems to be suffering from the symptoms associated wit... ...althy.net/hwlibrarynewsletters/update/malemenopause.htm 7)Human Development Report, provides the average male life expectancy statistics for all countries http://www.undp.org/hdr2003/indicator/indic_199_1_1.html 8)Human Development Report, provides the average female life expectancy statistics for all countries http://www.undp.org/hdr2003/indicator/indic_198_1_1.html 9)ABC Science, short article by ABC questioning the reality of male menopause http://abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s112941.htm 10)ABC Interview, interview with Jed Diamond, author of Male Menopause, a 1998 best seller. who used to be a disbeleiver in male menopause but now firmly credits the possibility of a male 'change' http://abcnews.go.com/sections/living/DailyNews/chat_diamond000614.html 11)Women Joke Page, Male menopause joke http://www.y2kwomen.com/recommended/humor2.html

ancient egyption pottery :: essays research papers

Ancient Egyptian Pottery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I chose to do my research paper on Egyptian pottery because in my art appreciation class I was most fascinated with the ancient Egyptian era. I found this website that explained all about how pottery they made helped them function in everyday use. It also told me a lot about how the made everything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The need to store things led to the development of containers, first among them bags of fiber or leather, woven baskets and pottery. But clay lends itself to many other purposes: bricks, statuettes, funerary offerings, toys and games etc. Pottery, the molding of form out of a formless mass and its becoming imperishable through firing, is the most miraculous kind of creation. The exquisite artifacts made of gold, carved out of hard stone or formed from glass might make us forget that the Egyptians lived with clay and not the expensive alternatives found in royal tombs. They lived in it, drank from it, cooked in it, ate on it, carried liquids in it, played with it, and when they died, the only offerings of any permanence most could afford were made from it. Most of the pottery manufactured in Egypt was made of reddish brown clay, which is called Nile silt ware. It served everyday purposes and was often left undecorated. The red color of the fired product was the result of iron compounds oxidizing. The oldest pottery technique consisted in hollowing out a lump of clay by hand and pinching it to give it the final form. Later a flat tool was used to press the clay against the other hand. The ancient Egyptians used a number of techniques to improve the look of their pottery. Decorations were incised, painted or stuck on and black coloring was the result of exposing the vessels to smoke. Slip, an often pigmented mixture of water and clay of the consistency of cream, was applied to smooth the surface and color the earthenware. Wash, a mixture of pigment, such as red ochre, and water changed or intensified the color of the pottery. Glazing began during the 4th millennium BCE, mostly blue mezzomaiolica, lead based glazing, until Roman times, when true tin-based faience began to appear. An example of the blue glaze is on the statue of a monkey to the right. The red wares were made without a potter's wheel like all pre-dynastic pottery. After giving them their form, which was sometimes unconventional, they were dried in the sun, sometimes covered with red ochre, and burnished with a stone.