Psychology Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology Intelligence - Essay Example His theory suggests that man's intelligence is made up of 7 core intelligences (Myers, 2004). It is only upon consideration of all of these intelligences that one can be judged as intelligent or not. Basically, intelligence covers a wide array of human capabilities, skills, and talents. In Susan's case, her intelligence test scores were only average even though she possessed exceptional talents in ballet dancing possibly due to the inability of the intelligence test used to measure creativity as part of an individual's intelligence. Furthermore, Susan's case brings forth the issue of the reliability and validity of intelligence testing. Susan's case demonstrates a scenario wherein an inappropriate test was used. Her low test scores may also imply that the intelligence test administered to her came up with a standardized score without giving consideration to her scores in each of the components of the test which is used to determine specific facets of her intelligence. Most of the time, the validity of intelligence tests is questioned primarily because a particular type of test may not properly measure the specific area of an individual's intelligence that is being assessed. Furthermore, a single score is often inadequate in explaining the multidimensional aspects of intelligence. In cases such as these, the reliability and validity of the intelligence test is questioned.

Possibility of developing voice recognition system in an aircraft Research Paper

Possibility of developing voice recognition system in an aircraft - Research Paper Example But with an increase in air traffic, thanks to the continued technological innovation in the world today, new methods of communication in aircrafts have been devised in order to curb increased traffic along with the errors that occurred with voice radio and the need to incorporate even the disabled into the profession of piloting (Adams, 2009). Able Flight is a non-profit organization, which offers scholarships to people who have desire to training in the aviation industry. This organization works in conjunction with institutions that offers pilot training. Since it is non-profit, Able flight thrives on the generous donations of well wishers, corporate sponsorships and funding from the foundation. The IRS principles and policies are the ones that govern this organization. Its objective is, to help the handicapped and disabled to get the attitude and knowledge and ability to fly a plane. This is because the disabled need distinct solutions in aircrafts that will help them become pilot s just like others. An instance would be the use of voice recognition systems in aircraft. This would ensure that the hands of the pilot are not need in order to communicate with air traffic controllers. Important to note is that, the Able flight program does not only assist the disabled but also looks to help those who are normal and have a passion to fly planes along with the interest but then lack the ability. The main aim is to look into how able flight tries to help the disabled fly planes along with offering solutions to the difficulties that come by during flight training. In the end, this paper will look at the process of implementing voice recognition technology in a pilot's communication with air traffic controllers as argued by (Chen, 2006). Able flight helps disabled people to fly airplanes in several ways. This organization however does not offer flight training classes but teaches life lessons to the disabled, which helps them become good pilots and flight attendants. Able flight works with different schools of flying such as the Purdue University. This organization has been working with the said university for the past two years and two students have been taken to the university and taught to fly. Each of the two students has a disability which to date has been a hindrance to them become pilots or looking into the aviation industry. Regardless of this, with help from the scholarships from Able flight and the special aircrafts, the two have gotten light sport pilot certificates after a 5-week training period. Jacky (2008) argues that the most interesting part of the whole program is that, scholars can cover the whole package in a month while the flight scholars at Purdue take about six months to finish the course. Due to the density of the schedule at Purdue, the scholars and flight instructors take most of their time at the airport, in the classroom and in their specially modeled aircraft (Jacky, 2008). A partial day engross an early morning arr ival, 90 minutes of flying, debate, more flying and landings, lunchtime meals, even intense flying and ground institute lessons. Note that, all of these things take place at the Purdue University campus flight school, which does not mean that, Able Flight has no role that it plays. As far as those disabled scholars are concerned, Able Flight must participate or take part in ensuring that they obtain exactly what they went to acquire. The organizational program is developed in a way that, it has to follow up the students’

Economics and monopoly introduction Essay Example for Free

Economics and monopoly introduction Essay Characteristics: Single seller: One firm produces all the output of a particular product No close substitutes: Product is unique and if consumers want to buy it they must buy from the monopolist. Price maker: Since the monopolist is the sole supplier of the product, it can change the price by changing output. The firm faces a downward sloping demand curve, so increasing output lowers the price, decreasing output increases the price. The firm will set a price that maximizes its profits. Blocked entry: Entry to the market is totally blocked, meaning the firm has no immediate competitors. Barriers to entry may be economies of scale, legal, technological or another type. Nonprice competition: Since it has no competitors a monopolist cannot compete on price. Therefore, to attract new consumers the firm must engage in non-price competition such as advertising and public relations campaigns to promote its products attributes. Examples of Monopolies? www. welkerswikinomics. com 3 Unit 2. 3. 3 Pure Monopoly Monopoly Demand as seen by a Monopolist. Three assumptions: 1) Entry is totally blocked 2) The monopolist is unregulated by any government so can charge whatever price it wants. 3) The firm is a single price seller. It sells all units of output at the same price. †¢ A monopolist faces a downward sloping Demand curve. The firm D curve is the market D curve! †¢ A monopolist can sell additional output only by lowering its price (due to the law of demand). †¢ A monopolist must lower the price of all of its output, not just the marginal units, since it is a single-price seller. †¢ As a result, as output increases, the firms marginal revenue falls faster than the price. www. welkerswikinomics. com 4 Unit 2. 3. 3 Pure Monopoly Monopoly Demand as seen by a Monopolist Demand and Marginal Revenue Q 0 1 P1 2 3 4 5 P2 6 7 8 9 P3 10 P 172 162 152 142 132 122 112 102 92 82 72 TR=PxQ) 0 162 304 426 528 610 672 714 736 738 720 Demand and MR for a Monopolist P MR=? TR/? Q P1 P2 P3 D=AR=P Q1 Q2 Q3 Q MR Based on the above graph, over which range of output would a monopolist NEVER produce? Why? What information is needed to determine the profit maximizing level of output for this monopolist? www. welkerswikinomics. com 5 Unit 2. 3. 3 Pure Monopoly Monopoly Demand as seen by a Monopolist Elasticity and the monopoly Demand curve: †¢ Identify the elastic range of the demand curve. †¢ Identify the inelastic range of the demand curve. P Demand and MR PED1 P1 PED=1 Question: Why wont a monopolist ever produce at a level of output where it is in the inelastic range of its demand curve?

Rate of Conversion of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) into Nitrogen

Rate of Conversion of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) into Nitrogen 1.1 Chapter Introduction: This chapter gives some basic information of the thesis. Firstly, some background information about selective catalytic reduction(SCR) technology, aqueous and dry ammonia, NOx gas and its conversion. Secondly the reason and the motivation for choosing this research project. Then the aim, objectives and methodology is described. Finally, the progress of project, plan and the conclusion is given. 1.2 Background Information: 1.2.1 Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR) Technology: SCR technology is an advanced emission control technology used to reduce the quantity of hazardous gases that come out through the exhaust of a diesel engine. It injects a reducing agent into the exhaust of a diesel engine with the help of a catalyst. The reducing agent is usually automotive grade Urea and it is known as a Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF). A chemical reaction occurs that converts the Nitrogen Oxides(NOx) into Nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide. SCR technology is made to allow the exhaust gases pass through the reducing agent to take place a chemical reaction in an oxidising atmosphere. The Selective word is used because it reduces the amount of NOx using a reducing agent in a catalyst system and the chemical reaction is called as Reduction where the DEF is a reducing agent that sets a chemical reaction with NOx and converts it into nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide (CO2) Figure 1 SCR System (Howard, n.d.) This technology is the most cost effective and fuel efficient technology used to reduce the emission of a diesel engine. The diesel truck engines produced after January,2010 must meet the new EPA standard. SCR reduces NOx emission up to 90% while on the other hand reducing hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission by 50-90% and particulate matter (PM), 30-50%. More emission reduction for PM can be achieved by attaching this system with the diesel particulate filter. SCR system is widely used in a marine vessel, cargo vessels, ferries, tugboats, large utility boilers, industrial boilers, and municipal solid waste boilers etc. 1.2.2 SCR reducing agent Ammonia: Some reductants are used in the SCR system such as anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia and urea. These three reductants are widely available in the large quantity. Anhydrous ammonia is highly toxic and difficult to store, but it does not need any conversion, it can be used as it is to operate in the SCR. Anhydrous ammonia is a compressed liquid form of ammonia which does not contain water in it. Anhydrous ammonia is an important industrial cleaner that cleans the harmful bacteria and shines the industrial metal. The large amount of anhydrous ammonia stored requires more caution and safety. Stronger concentration of ammonia can cause burning and some fatal issues. In 1947, a ship filled with solid form of ammonia called as ammonium nitrate exploded in the Galveston Bay of Texas, resulting in number of deaths. Hence using anhydrous ammonia is SCR system is dangerous. (Lepore, n.d.) Urea is easy and safe to store but it is required to convert into ammonia through thermal decomposition to use as a reducing agent in SCR. Urea is very safe, stable, non-volatile, non-flammable and non- explosive. It can be safely transported, stored and handled. But the disadvantages of Urea are it may cause an extra emission of a nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide which are harmful gases for environment as well as living organism. It may cause a contamination and corrosion at the point of injection, leakage of Urea may cause a formation of a white precipitate salt and when mixed with a water then the formed Urea solution can cause scaling blockage in SCR system. Aqueous ammonia which is known as ammonium hydroxide must be hydrolysed to be used and it is comparatively safer to store and transport than anhydrous ammonia. Larger volume of aqueous ammonia will be required as compared to anhydrous ammonia to control the same NOx efficiency. Aqueous ammonia is available in a concentration of 19 percent and 29 percent by weight. For the 29% of aqueous ammonia, the volume required 3.4 times that of anhydrous ammonia and for 19%, the volume required is 5.3 times that of anhydrous ammonia. There are some common things between aqueous ammonia and anhydrous ammonia SCR installation. It has storage tanks, pumps and injection valves. The controlling is same that of anhydrous ammonia. (Salib, n.d.) 1.2.3 NOx conversion: SCR technology was established in 1970s and mainly used in stationary sources and still it is measure strategy for the reduction of NO. The high frequency and the ability to react with the NOx selectively to form nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide. When the exhaust gases pass through the SCR system a chemical reaction takes place. The ammonia or other reductant such as urea is injected and mixed with the exhaust gases before entering the catalyst chamber. The following reaction takes place in the conversion of NOx. (Majewski, n.d.) 6NO + 4NH3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 5N2 + 6H2O 4NO + 4NH3 + O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 4N2 + 6H2O 6NO2 + 8NH3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 7N2 + 12H2O 2NO2 + 4NH3 + O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 3N2 + 6H2O NO + NO2 + 2NH3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2N2 + 3H2O 2nd equation shows dominant reaction mechanism. 3rd to 5th reactions above include nitrogen dioxide reactant. The 5th reaction is very fast reaction. NO2 is responsible for the promotion of the low temperature SCR in this reaction. In diesel SCR system, the level of NO2 is increased to enhance the conversion of NOx at low temperature. In some reaction water is produced that shows moisture is always exist in diesel exhaust. If the NO2 content increases NO level in the feed gas increases. N2O formations are also possible as shown in the reaction below, (Majewski, n.d.) 8 NO2 + 6 NH3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 7 N2O + 9 H2O 4 NO2 + 4 NH3 + O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 4 N2O + 6 H2O Some Undesirable procedures happening in SCR systems incorporate a few focused, nonselective reactions with oxygen, which is copious in the system. These reactions can either deliver optional emissions or, best case scenario, ineffectively consume ammonia. Partial oxidation of ammonia may deliver nitrous oxide (N2O) or elemental nitrogen, individually. Complete oxidation of ammonia, is shown in the following equation 2NH3 + 2O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ N2O + 3H2O 4NH3 + 3O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2N2 + 6H2O 4NH3 + 5O2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 4NO + 6H2O The SCR procedure requires exact control of the ammonia injection rate. A deficient injection may bring about unsuitably low NOx changes. An injection rate which is too high outcomes in arrival of undesirable ammonia to the climate. These ammonia emissions from SCR system are known as ammonia slip. The ammonia slip increments at higher NH3/NOx proportions. As indicated by the prevailing SCR reaction, 2nd equation the stoichiometric NH3/NOx proportion in the SCR system is around 1. Proportions higher than 1 altogether increment the ammonia slip. By and by, proportions near 0.9 and 1 are utilized, which limit the ammonia slip while as yet giving tasteful NOx changes. The alkali slip diminishes with expanding temperature, while the NOx transformation in a SCR catalyst may either increment or lessening with temperature, depending upon the specific temperature range and catalyst system, as will be examined later. 1.2.4 Diesel engine exhaust system: The first motivation behind a fumes framework was to securely course fumes gasses from the motor so they can be depleted into the earth, while additionally giving lessening of burning clamor. Fumes gas, nonetheless, contains parts that are hurtful to human wellbeing or potentially the earth. Thus, emanation levels of these fumes gas parts got to be distinctly directed. Since directed discharge levels are regularly much lower than that which can be accomplished through in-barrel control measures, the fumes gas must be dealt with after it leaves the motor. In this manner, while fumes frameworks keep on serving their unique capacities, they have developed into one of the basic components utilized for contamination control and reduction in cutting edge motors. A fumes framework from a diesel traveler auto is outlined in Figure 1. The fumes framework is regularly associated with the ventilation system, which gathers fumes gasses from the motor chambers fumes ports. In light-obligation applications, exhaust systems and diesel particulate channels (DPF) can be put either in the nearby coupled position to the ventilation system (the converter in Figure 1) or in the underfloor position (the particulate channel in Figure 1). The decision of area is controlled by the accessibility of space and the sought temperature profile, with the nearby coupled area giving introduction to the most noteworthy conceivable fumes gas temperatures. The after-treatment gadgets and their channeling are in some cases alluded to as the hot end of the fumes framework, while the suppressors and the tailpipes are the cold end of the fumes framework. The hot end channeling may incorporate the downpipe or front pipe (not present in the design appeared in Figure 1) which associates the ventilation system with the exhaust system, and additionally funneling between the impetus and the particulate channel. The after-treatment framework is associated with the suppressor by the inside pipe The presentation to high temperature, alongside different components, for example, quality necessities and synthetic introduction, decide the decision of fumes framework materials. Debilitate Brakes. Debilitate frameworks may likewise incorporate various segments. Some diesel trucks are outfitted with a fumes brake, which utilizes the fumes gas weight for vehicle braking, to facilitate the requests on wheel brakes and increment their life span. By actuating a throttle valve put in the fumes framework when the motor is creating no yield and braking is required, fumes backpressure and accordingly the torque required to pivot the motor is expanded. In motors furnished with a variable geometry turbine (VGT), the turbine vanes might be utilized to throttle the fumes stream rather than a different throttle valve. The adequacy of fumes brakes can be enhanced with an element that holds the fumes valve open constantly (bleeder brake). This can be proficient with an actuator that pushes the fumes valve and keeps it open through every one of the four motor strokes. Exhaust Brakes: It can be fitted to an assortment of medium-obligation diesel motors including overwhelming get trucks planned to pull moderately substantial trailers. Their application and adequacy is constrained by the greatest weight that the fumes framework segments upstream of the throttling valve can support. Deplete brakes have little effect on fumes framework commotion. Fumes brakes are just a single approach to utilize the motor to help in vehicle deceleration. Pressure discharge brakes-occasionally alluded to as motor brakes- open the fumes valve close to the highest point of the pressure stroke and discharge the packed air into the fumes framework before it can push the cylinder down amid the extension stroke. Pressure discharge brakes are frequently joined straightforwardly into substantial obligation diesel motors, for example, those utilized on Class 8 trucks. They give a fundamentally higher braking impact than fumes brakes without expanding deplete framework backpressure. They are being that as it may, significantly more exorbitant and require exceptional commotion concealment measures to keep away from intemperate fumes framework clamor. Waste Heat Recovery: Future fumes frameworks may likewise incorporate fumes gas vitality recuperation frameworks. In the diesel motor, the fumes gas enthalpy speaks to a critical portion of the synthetic vitality of the fuel-up to more than 30%-which is a standout amongst the hugest wellsprings of warm effectiveness misfortune. Debilitate warm recuperation frameworks may run from basic warmth exchangers to complex advances, for example, thermoelectric. An illustration vehicle with a fumes gas warm exchanger is the 2006 Citroen C4 Picasso, where squander fumes warm exchanged by means of the cooling framework is utilized to even more quickly warmth the lodge. Consider went for utilizing thermoelectric generators to deliver power from waste fumes warm in light-and substantial obligation diesel motors has been supported by the US Department of Energy 1.3 Reason and motivation for the research: Day by day the use of vehicle is increasing rapidly so that the emission of exhaust gases such as CO, NOx and CO2 are also increasing. Ammonia is basically known for being harmful for the environment, additionally adds to the development of particulate matter that has related to unfriendly wellbeing and environmental effects. In industries, the emission of NOx is rapidly increasing and it has become mandatory to control the impact or the emission of such hazardous gases. It may not be decreased but it can be controlled or converted into non-hazardous gases with the help of some reducing agents. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are an extremely important and essential group of air polluting chemical compound. This clarifies why NOx are critical air toxins and how NOx is formed and react in the air. This notice likewise talks about the standards on which all NOx control and pollution prevention technologies are based; accessible NOx technologies for different combustion sources; and performance a nd cost of NOx technologies. Following are some toxic effect of NOx: It creates photochemical smog It causes acid rain and nitrate particulate It increases the risk of respiratory conditions and increases the response to allergens It causes a formation of ground ozone which is associated with adverse health effect. This thought motivated to design a technology to convert such gases into non-hazardous gases. Because of the expanding awareness with air quality, stricter emission limits have been formed, which will be much further fixed for off-expressway diesel motors in the coming years. Depending upon the application and the area, distinctive emission limits apply. The most stringent emission regulation is as of now forced by the European Union (EU) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in USA. Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and (Particulate Matter) are the main focused pollutant on which the technology is being developed. An extra test emerges from the fact that, depending upon the application, distinctive test cycles must be utilized for the confirmation of engines. The engines are worked just in chosen regions of the engine map during particular accreditation runs. Just steady state test cycles are utilized for heavy vehicle engine with a power output more prominent than 560 kW. For versatile machinery engine with a power output beneath 560 kW. During the steady state test cycle, the engine is worked at steady speed and load while the emission estimation is directed. After every emission estimation, the working point is changed and the following estimation will be performed. At long last, the general test cycle result is calculated by a weighted sum of all estimations. During the NRTC test, the motor is worked completely transient, with a constant estimation of the emission. Along these lines, the after-treatment system has additionally to have the capacity to perform under transient conditions. Thi s reality prompts to requirement, e.g. highly exact urea dosing. This can be obtained by using the SCR technology The aim of this research project is to investigate the rate of conversion of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) into Nitrogen and water when the NOx gas is passed through the reducing agent. Within this aim there are number of objectives: Determine the Mount the test rig. Set temperature and amount of ammonia. Adjust the pressure load of the exhaust gas. Pass the gas through the test rig. Take the 1st default reading without using ammonia and SCR catalytic converter. Attach aqueous ammonia and SCR catalytic converter and again take the readings Testing Conditions at 25%, 50% and 75% of full load of engine The amount of ammonia injection is determined Keep the load of engine constant and increase the flow rate of ammonia and take readings on various flow rate. Increase the load of engine and repeat the same procedure. Compare the readings and plot the graph. The same procedure is repeated to get test results of 5 injection rate and determine the optimum level of ammonia injection. The above procedure is conducted at exhaust gas temperature in range of 300 °C 500 °C and depends on the load of diesel engine. Purchase a SCR catalytic converter and ammonium hydroxide (aqueous ammonia). Second hand SCR catalytic convertor is available on www.for-sale.ie (For-sale, n.d.) Take permission to use the diesel engines and the other required equipment from the college lab. Determine the airflow of exhaust gases based on size of the diesel engine Airflow measurement with the help of U-tube manometer. Measurement of engine speed using RPM indicator. Arrange Rotameter to measure the amount of ammonia released in the chamber. Mount the experimental rig. Solve the errors and find solutions for the problems that will occur during the investigation Hence the progress of the research concludes that the aqueous ammonia is suitable for the conversion of NOx in the SCR system as it is widely available and safest to store. In addition to it aqueous ammonia is inexpensive.

The Impact of the Montreal Canadiens Hockey Club on the City of Montrea

The Impact of the Montreal Canadiens Hockey Club on the City of Montreal A sports team is vital to a large city such as Montreal. A sports team may have positive or negative impacts on a city. The team that will be focused on is the Montreal Canadiens. Despite the poor seasons that the team has recently endured, the Montreal Canadiens are still one of the most winningest franchises in all of sports. The team’s long history as a winning organization has made the city of Montreal reputable. For my research, the three disciplines that will be focused on are sociology, geography, and economics. These disciplines are very much evident and important to my research topic, that being, the importance the Montreal Canadiens Hockey Club for the City of Montreal. With the use of sources related to my topic, one will be able to grasp the overall context of my research. The direct question that my research intends to answer is; how has the Montreal Canadiens Hockey Club impacted the City of Montreal as a whole? Literature Review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The discipline of sociology studies groups of people in a specific area. In this case, the people we will focus on are the players playing for the Montreal Canadiens hockey team and the fans that support the team. After viewing a video on the Montreal Canadiens during the 1988-1989 season (Fisher 1989), the discipline of sociology is very much evident in this video. The video takes an in depth viewing of the team during the 1988-1989 season. It looks at the ups and downs the team faced during this particular season and how the Montreal Canadiens have over come obstacles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the 1988-1989 season, the Canadiens advanced to the Stanley Cup final where they lost to the Calgary Flames in six games. A few years earlier, in 1986, the Canadiens beat those same Calgary Flames to win their twenty-third Stanley Cup. The player that led the Canadiens during the 1988-1989 season was none other than goaltender Patrick Roy. The pressures that were placed on the shoulders’ of Roy were unbelievable. This pressure came from fans and media alike. The fact he was a French- Canadian that grew up cheering for the Canadiens, did not help either. As Patrick said in the video, â€Å"Hockey in Montreal is not a sport, it’s a religion.† Also interviewed was .. ... I composed my questionnaire around my research question. The results of my fieldwork take into account the three disciplines that my literature review is based on, that being, sociology, geography, and economics. From the answer(s) that was derived from my fieldwork, the impact the Montreal Canadiens has on the city of Montreal as a whole is positive. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To explain the importance a sports team has on a city, a new avenue for future research would be the traveling to a city that lost a professional sports team and research the impact it had on places such as Winnipeg and Quebec, where the Winnipeg Jets and the Quebec Nordiques used to play respectfully. Economically, jobs are created within and around the team and city, which geographically is the reason why businesses are set up where they are, and sociologically, people come together in the supporting of their team. These three disciplines are lost with losing of a professional sports team. A sports team is vital to a large city such as Montreal. To conclude this report, the Montreal Canadiens Hockey Club has a positive impact on the city of Montreal as a whole.

Henry Ford :: essays research papers

In 1915, in an effort to end World War I, he headed a privately sponsored peace expedition to Europe that failed dismally, but after the American entry into the war he was a leading producer of ambulances, airplanes, munitions, tanks, and submarine chasers. In 1918 he ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate on the Democratic ticket. After weathering a severe financial crisis in 1921, he began producing high-priced motor cars along with other vehicles and founded branch firms in England and in other European countries. Strongly opposed to trade unionism, Ford–who incurred considerable antagonism because of his paternalistic attitude toward his employees and his statements on political and social questions–stubbornly resisted union organization in his factories by the United Automobile Workers until 1941. A staunch isolationist before World War II, Ford again converted his factories to the production of war material after 1941. In 1945 he retired. Other Accomplishments and Controversies His numerous philanthropies, in addition to the Ford Foundation, included $7.5 million for the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit and $5 million for a museum in Dearborn, where in 1933 he established Greenfield Village–a reproduction of an early American village. Ford also wrote, in collaboration with Samuel Crowther, My Life and Work (1923), Today and Tomorrow (1926), Moving Forward (1931), and Edison as I Knew Him (1930). Ford's international reputation made him a natural target for journalists. His libel suit against the Chicago Tribune in 1919 led to an examination by the Tribune attorney, intended to show Ford's lack of education. Anti-Semitic articles in Ford's Dearborn Independent brought further legal controversy; he was forced to apologize for the articles. In the 1930s, Ford was widely attacked for employing Harry Bennett, a former boxer who established a squad of thugs to spy, beat up, and otherwise intimidate union organizers. Ford was also a poor manager who failed to capitalize on his company's early success. In the 1920s he failed to respond to consumer tastes by introducing new models and the company fell far behind General Motors. By the time of his retirement, the company's accounting procedures were so primitive that Ford's managers were unable to accurately tell how much it cost to manufacture a car and the company was losing $9.5 million a month. Later Generations His son, Edsel Bryant Ford, 1893—1943, b. Detroit, shared in the control of the vast Ford industrial interests. He was president of the Ford Motor Company from 1919 until his death, when his father once more became (1943) president of the company.

Neanderthals and Human Evolution Essay

The Neanderthals are an extinct species in the homo genus. They lived during the Pleistocene age. The Neanderthals are believed to have lived in most of Eurasia from 120,000 years ago to about 30,000 years ago. They were a more advanced pre-modern variation of the homo genus. The reason they are viewed as more advanced than other Pre-modern hominids is because they made tools, buried their dead they also lived to around forty years of age. This is quite long compared to their contemporaries. Their tools and artifacts characterize what is known as the Mousterian. To be precise the Neanderthals created flake tools. Tools made by the breakage of flakes of stone off of a larger rock. One example of these are the hand axes and smaller tools with a sharp cutting edge. They were large game hunters who were specially adapted to thrive in the frigid conditions of the middle Pleistocene in Europe. They seem to have originally evolved in Europe at around 250,000 years ago, but latter expanded into southwest Asia. The Neanderthals appear to have been the first hominids who deliberately buried their dead. The graves sometimes included flowers, tools, and food. This could possibly signify a belief in an afterlife. There is also some evidence that they would as a group care for injured or deficient members of their community showing that they had likely had the capacity for compassion. The first Neanderthal remains were discovered in the Neander valley in Germany. The remains show that the Neanderthals were about five feet tall with a stocky and powerful build. While they did have prominent brow ridges and an occipital bun their brain size is comparable to modern day human size. Their population went in to decline and eventually became extinct when the Homo sapiens began to move in to their territory. There are a couple theories on what occurred at this point. One theory is that Homo sapiens either killed off the Neanderthals or took over so much of the land that the Neanderthals couldn’t survive on what was left to them.